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  The Nine Elements of Digital Citizenship

Area One:  Digital Access (Full electronic participation in society)

Groups that are disenfranchised by lack of technology access include families who do not have the financial ability to have technology in the home, school districts that have too few computers for their students (while others have more than enough), and rural schools that lack access to high-speed Internet connections. Educators need to evaluate the use of computers within their schools. Do all students have access throughout the day to technology? 


Questions To Think About:
1.  Does everyone at your school have equal opportunities as far as technology use is concerned?
2.  Do all students have the opportunity to be involved in a digital society?

Digital Access Issues:
* Equitable access for all students
* Accommodations for students with special needs
* Programs for increasing access outside schools

Examples of Inappropriate Digital Access:
* Schools ignore or overlook the digital needs of disenfranchised groups
* Teachers fail to accommodate students who do not have access to technology

Examples of Appropriate Digital Access:
* District administrators work toward providing technology opportunities for all students within their schools
* Technology leaders provide technology to students for use in the school and out, such as a one-to-one laptop program

Digital Access Keywords:
* Digital divide
* Technology and the disabled
* Technology access
* Technology and minority groups

Web Resources;
The Digital Divide Resource Roundup (from Edutopia)

How Does This Relate To Our School?  (Briefly discuss and/or record some thoughts that may be included in your school's plan)

Area Two:  Digital Commerce (The electronic buying and selling of goods.)

Digital commerce may not seem to be a particularly important issue for teachers and technology leaders, but it is keenly important for their students. One of the goals of education is to create educated members of a society, thus this is an important skill. Anyone who is actively working, playing, or purchasing items online is a member not only of a digital community but of an economic community as well. 


Questions To Think About:
1.  Are students aware of the opportunities as well as the problems associated with purchasing items using digital technology?
2.  Should students be made more aware of how to purchase goods and services through digital formats?

Digital Commerce Issues:
* Online buying through commercial sites
* Online selling through commercial sites
* Media subscriptions and purchases
* Buying and selling "virtual merchandise" for online games

Examples of Inappropriate Digital Commerce:
* Students purchase goods online without knowing how to protect their identity
* Students fail to realize that poor online purchasing practices lead to poor credit ratings

Examples of Appropriate Digital Commerce:
* Students become informed consumers so they can safely purchase items online
* Students spend the time to research what they want to purchase, then take the time to identify "safe" sites with the best prices

Digital Commerce Keywords:
* Online shopping
* Online auction policies
* Technology and identity theft
* Technology and credit issues

Web Resources:
Kids and Online Commerce from Experian
Money As You Grow (President's Advisory Council on Financial Capability)
Prezi:  Digital Commerce
Get Safe Online

How Does This Relate To Our School?  (Briefly discuss and/or record some thoughts that may be included in your school's plan)

Area Three:  Digital Communication (The electronic exchange of information.)

If these technologies are banned in schools, what message does that send to our students who have access to these devices outside of school? Sites and districts need to assess the extent of the educational values these communication methods and devices provide. Once technology leadership teams determine those values, they also need to decide how to teach students appropriate use of this technology. 


Questions To Think About:
1. Do I use email, cell phone, texting, and social networking technologies appropriately when communicating with others?
2. What rules, options, and etiquette do students need to be aware of when using digital communication technologies?

Digital Communication Issues:
* Email
* Cell phones
* Personal video calls (Skype/Facetime)
* Instant messaging
* Blogs and Wikis
* Social networking

Examples of Inappropriate Digital Communication:
* Students text during class time
* Students use text messaging and email shorthand for class assignments when asked to give complete sentences
* Students use text messaging to cheat on tests

Examples of Appropriate Digital Communication:
* Students and teachers use digital communication devices when they will not interrupt what is going on in the school or classroom
* Digital communication technologies such as social networking sites are used to support student activities in the classroom, such as sharing ideas or writings with others
* Teachers use websites, texts, and social networking to inform parents of classroom activities

Digital Communication Keywords:
* Appropriate email use
* Texting issues
* Cell phone etiquette
* Choosing technology communication models

Web Resources:
Video:  The Digital Dad on Smart Choices in Social Media

How Does This Relate To Our School?  (Briefly discuss and/or record some thoughts that may be included in your school's plan)

 

Area Four:  Digital Literacy (The process of teaching and learning about technology and the use of technology.)

Learning with technology does not always include instruction on appropriate and inappropriate use. Too often, the focus is on learning the technology itself, with little time given to discussing what is or isn’t appropriate. 


Questions To Think About:
1. Is enough time devoted to learning how to use technology tools in the classroom?
2. How can students use digital technologies to best take advantage of the educational opportunities available to them?

Digital Literacy Issues:
* Learning the digital basics: browsers, search engines, download engines, and email
* Evaluating online resources (determining accuracy of content on websites, security of retail sites, recognizing phishing attacks, etc.)
* Exploring and developing online learning modes and distance education

Examples of Inappropriate Digital Literacy:
* Students choose alternative educational opportunities because their school or district does not offer online classes or distance education
* Teachers do not provide resources and materials that students can get from digital sources (e.g., blogs, websites, podcasts, etc.)

Examples of Appropriate Digital Literacy:
* Students take online course (or mixed delivery) that are designed to keep them interested in the material
* Teachers use digital technologies in new and innovative ways, such as creating content for the web that can be accessed by students outside class

Digital Literacy Keywords:
* Technology education
* Online education
* Learning computer hardware/learning software
* Understanding technology

Web Resources:
Center for Digital Education
Computer Literacy from the University of Illinois at Urbana
Google:  Digital Literacy and Citizenship Lessons - Ready made lessons from Google.

How Does This Relate To Our School?  (Briefly discuss and/or record some thoughts that may be included in your school's plan)


Area Five:  Digital Etiquette (The electronic standards of conduct or procedure.)

As members of a digital society, we are asked to do what is best for the larger group. To do this, we must think about how our technology use affects others. Good digital citizens respect others and learn ways to use technology courteously and effectively. 


Questions To Think About:
1. Are students aware of others when they use technology?
2. Do students realize how their use of technology affects others?

Digital Etiquette Issues:
* Using technology in ways that minimize the negative effects on others
* Using technology when it is contextually appropriate
* Respecting others online:  not engaging in cyberbullying, flaming, inflammatory language, and so forth

Examples of Inappropriate Digital Etiquette:
* Students use cell phones to text in class on topics that are not class-related
* Students communicate on a social networking site without knowing the rules or responsibilities

Example of Appropriate Digital Etiquette:
* Students work with their teachers to understand what information can be shared from their cell phones, tablets, or computers and when it is appropriate to do so
* When communicating in a chat room, users learn the rules of the group before becoming involved in the conversation

Digital Etiquette Keywords:
* Technology etiquette
* Netiquette
* Acceptable Use Policies (AUP)

Web Resources:
Video Resource:  PBS Frontline (Online Safety, Cyberbullying)
StopBullying.gov (US Department of Health and Human Services)
Netiquette 101
iKeepSafe - Cyber safety information from a trusted organization.
Cybersafety Lesson Plans - Website from the Australian government's education department dealing with safety online.
Kids.gov - Website from the United States government dealing with safety online for kids.
Netsmartz - Website from the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children.
Net Safe Utah - Collection of cybersafety materials from public and private organizations in Utah.
Common Sense Media - Resources for students, parents, and schools.

How Does This Relate To Our School?  (Briefly discuss and/or record some thoughts that may be included in your school's plan)

Area Six:  Digital Law (The electronic responsibility for actions or deeds.)


Laws related to technology use are becoming more of an issue for school districts. Even though issues may occur outside the school walls or not on school computers, the effects may still need to be addressed during the school day. Administrators need to provide teachers and students with resources and guidance on what is legal and illegal.

 


Questions To Think About:1.  Are students using technology the way it was intended?2.  Are students infringing on others' rights by the way they use technology?3.  Should students using digital technologies be accountable for how they use them?Digital Law Issues:* Using file-sharing sites* Pirating software* Subverting Digital Rights Management (DRM) technologies* Hacking into systems or networks* Stealing someone's identity* Sexting and sharing of illicit photosExamples of Illegal Technology Use:
* Students download copyrighted music from social networking or file-sharing sites
* Students scripting (using computer code) to bypass firewalls or other network protection

Examples of Legal Technology Use:
* Students understand what can be downloaded without charge and what is considered copyrighted material and should be paid for
* Students inform an adult of others sharing nude or semi-nude photographs (sexting)

Digital Law Keywords:
* Technology copyright laws
* Person-to-person software (P2P)
* Software piracy

Web Resources:
5 Myths About Copyright Teachers Need to Know - Article/website with updated copyright information.
A Must See Interactive Graphic on Teaching Student Copyright - Article/website with updated copyright information.
A Media Specialist's Guide to the Internet - "Because you never know when you'll need a cybrarian."
Copyright Crash Course - From the University of Texas Libraries.
Copyright and Fair Use - Website and checklist from Columbia University.
Be Copyright Cool - Google Drive public presentation (slides).
Copyright, Website Evaluation, and Reference Resources - University of Illinois at Urbana Library
Google's Search Lessons - Google offers online lessons in using the search engine more effectively with students.
21st Century Information Fluency - Website dedicated to research skills and learning for today's classroom.
Rewordify - Copy or paste text to reword into simpler English with easy-to-read definitions.  Great for ESL and special needs students.
Paper Rater - Free grammar and spelling check, plagiarism detection, and writing suggestions.
Plagscan - Plagiarism detection.
Dustball - Plagiarism detection.
Wolfram Alpha Search Engine - Fantastic search engine for facts and data.
ipl2 - Reliable resource searching from Drexel University.
Pixabay - Collection of copyright free images students and teachers can use in their presentations.
Wikimedia Commons - Collection of pictures uploaded by the public that can be used freely, in most cases, unless specified otherwise.
Recording Industry Association of America - Laws concerning piracy of music and videos.
The Alabama Virtual Library - Cards/Logins are not required if within the state of Alabama (some border communities may need ID).

How Does This Relate To Our School?  (Briefly discuss and/or record some thoughts that may be included in your school's plan)

Area Seven:  Digital Rights and Responsibilities (The requirements and freedoms extended to everyone in a digital  world.)

By adhering to the structure of digital citizenship, the vast majority of users will enjoy the benefits of digital technology because they will understand that there can be rights in a society only if there are also responsibilities. 


Questions To Think About:
1.  What rights and responsibilities do students have in a digital society?
2.  How do we make students more aware of their rights and responsibilities  when using digital technologies?

Digital Rights and Responsibilities Issues:
* Following acceptable use policies and using technology responsibly both inside and outside school
* Using online material ethically, including citing source and requesting permissions
* Using technology to cheat on tests and assignments
* Reporting cyberbullies, threats, and other inappropriate use

Examples of Inappropriate Digital Rights and Responsibilities:
* Students use material from the Internet without properly citing the source
* Students violate their school's AUP because they view it as unfair

Examples of Appropriate Digital Rights and Responsibilities:
* Students cite websites or other digital media sources when using information for class projects
* Educators inform students of their rights when using digital technologies, but also instruct them on their responsibilities

Digital Rights and Responsibilities Keywords:
* Understanding technology rules
* Helping others online

Web Resources:

OSLIS Citation Maker for Elementary Schools - Cite sources using the application developed by the Oregon School Librarians Association.
OSLIS Citation Maker for Middle and High Schools - Cite sources using the application developed by the Oregon School Librarians Association.

How Does This Relate To Our School?  (Briefly discuss and/or record some thoughts that may be included in your school's plan)

Area Eight:  Digital Health and Wellness (Physical and psychological well-being in a digital technology world.)

Too often, technology safety concerns relate only to the security of equipment and not the physical well-being and security of students.  


Questions To Think About:
1.  How can students be physically affected by technology?
2.  Are students aware of the physical dangers that can accompany the use of digital technology?
3.  How else can someone become injured using technology?

Digital Health and Wellness Issues:
* Using proper ergonomics and avoiding repetitive motion injuries
* Becoming addicted to the Internet or to video games and withdrawing from society

Examples of Inappropriate Digital Health and Wellness:
* Administrators and teachers ignore the possible harmful physical effects of technology on students
* Teachers do not model proper ergonomics when using technology

Examples of Appropriate Digital Health and Wellness:
* Technology leaders learn how to promote health and wellness with technology
* Teachers model digital safety in their classrooms and expect their students to do the same

Digital Health and Wellness Keywords:
* Technology addiction
* Technology and good health
* Computer ergonomics

Web Resources:
Computer Ergonomics from Apple
Computer Ergonomics for Elementary Schools - Oregon Occupational Safety and Health Division
Computer Ergonomics Checklist - PDF document from Duke University
Internet and Computer Addictions - Resource from Helpguide.org.  (This resource contains information that is not appropriate for all ages.)

How Does This Relate To Our School?  (Briefly discuss and/or record some thoughts that may be included in your school's plan)

Area Nine:  Digital Security (The electronic precautions to guarantee safety.)

More often than not, security faults occur not because of flaws in the equipment but because of the ways people use it.  


Questions To Think About:
1.  How do students protect their technology in a digital society?
2.  How can students be taught to protect themselves and their equipment from harm?

Digital Safety Issues:
* Protecting hardware and network security
* Protecting personal security:  identity theft, phishing, online stalking
* Protecting school security:  hackers, viruses
* Protecting community security:  terrorist threats

Examples of Inappropriate Digital Security:
* Teachers or students fail to maintain current software updates or patches that protect their computers from viruses and exploitation
* Students fail to protect their identity when using email, social networking, or text messaging

Examples of Appropriate Digital Security:
* Users take the time to make sure their virus protection and firewalls are properly updated and configured to protect personal information
* Teachers and parents talk to students about the dangers of providing information to anyone on the Internet

Digital Security Keywords:
* Technology protection
* Spyware/adware/malware
* Data backup
* Firewall
* Technology disaster protection

Web Resources:
Security Applications from Kim Komando (Talk radio host of the Kim Komando Show)
Security Tips from Kim Komando
OnGuard Online (from the Department of Homeland Security)

How Does This Relate To Our School?  (Briefly discuss and/or record some thoughts that may be included in your school's plan)

Additional Resources:

Alabama Technology Course of Study (NOTE:  For K-8 this document is required for all subject teachers.)
Common Core Technology Skills Self-Assessment Checklist (A free to copy Google Form/Spreadsheet provided by the California Department of Education)
ISTE Standards for Technology (International Society for Technology Education)
Every Common Core Standard Related to Technology and Digital Media

Applications to Meet Technology Integration and Usage Objectives:
Today's Meet -- (backchannel communication tool)
Padlet -- (digital wall for brainstorming ideas)
Blendspace -- Blendspace (formerly Edcanvas) allows one to quickly create and share files, notes, websites, and more with others in the form of a simple to use presentation.  It even allows comments to be made about content.
Infuse Learning -- Infuse Learning is device friendly and can be used for informal assessment at all grade levels.
Kahoot! -- Kahoot! is a fast-paced, fun, informal assessment tool that can be used to gauge prior knowledge or as a review of material.
RubiStar - free rubric designer for evaluation and assessment.


2015 Jacksonville State University Inservice Center and Alabama Technology in Motion